Social psych Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social psych - Essay Example In this study, the participants were presented with stimuli such as exposure to positive Black situations and negative White situations. The participants’ perceptions were then assessed before the stimuli and a day after the presentation. The results of the experiment that participants who were subjected to â€Å"positive Black and negative white† situations had lesser level of prejudice but their â€Å"explicit racial prejudice† remained the same. President Obama can be regarded as positive African American example, and his electoral win could effect change on attitudes toward African Americans. This is the presumption and has to be proven through a review of the literature and of past experiments by researchers. But the literature cited in Bernstein et al (2010) also cited that stereotypes and prejudices do not succumb to change so easily (Fiske & Neuberg, 1990 cited in Bernstein et al, 2010), which could lead to the conclusion that Obama’s electoral vic tory may not change people’s perception after all. Or, there could be varied perceptions and attitude change as a result of the election. But the authors also cited that there could be positive attitude change with Obama’s electoral victory. 3. General methodology Bernstein and associates (2010) conducted a research study on 40 undergraduates of psychology, performed on two sessions to represent the pre-election and post-election periods. It was therefore divided into Time 1 and Time 2, to design two attitudes for explicit and implicit. The first period was completed during the seven days before election. The participants were made to complete a test known as â€Å"Attitudes Towards Black† (Brigham, 1993 cited in Bernstein et al, 2010). The scale was marked on 1-7, and statements were addressed on perceptions of prejudice or equality towards Black people. Example: â€Å"Black and white people are created equal.† Following this, participants were also made to complete the â€Å"Implicit Association Task†, which is about evaluations on social categories. The participants were also evaluated using the â€Å"Implicit Racial Bias† test. 4. Basic results The results were analysed by determining the implicit prejudice, which was done by subtracting â€Å"the average response latency on compatible trials from the incompatible trials† (Bernstein et al. 2010). The IAT result stated that if there was a big different in the score, called the IAT effect, the participants had greater bias towards Whites as against Blacks. This was compared with the results after the election in which a t-test sample was obtained on the IAT result. It was found that the IAT effect was smaller after the election; meaning the IAT effect was reduced after Obama’s electoral victory. The stats revealed that the mean and standard deviation are M = 330.35, SD = 219.93, after the election, compared to M = 494.70, SD = 307.95, before the electio n. 5. Major conclusions One of the striking results of the study by Bernstein et al (2010) is that implicit associations changed while the explicit prejudice changed, after the election in which Obama had a commanding victory. President Obama’s victory changed the perceptions of the general population towards African Americans. President Obama’

Resistors in series and parallel Essay Example for Free

Resistors in series and parallel Essay Resistors are used in various real life applications to perform tasks that involve: limiting the current that goes through a section of a circuit, introducing a voltage drop in a circuit, generating heat and the protection of components of a circuit. It is important to calculate the resistance of resistors so that the electrical circuits produced using them will perform in the manner that their manufacturer wanted them to. If the wrong resistance/resistor is used then delicate components that need only a relatively small amount of current may be destroyed. All resistors have a level of tolerance. This is to allow for imperfections in the manufactured object. It was determined through experimentation that all of the resistors that were used in this experiment were within their tolerance range with the exception of R4 (See Table 1). This resistor had a nominal value of 1600 ohms and a tolerance of +/-5%. This means that this resistor should have had a value within the range of 1520-1680 ohms, however  the actual resistance was found to be 1798 ohms. It is possible that this may have been due to a manufacturing fault or a labelling error. The total predicted resistance was determined by using the series and parallel resistor laws and the resistance values of the various components of the circuit. The tolerance range for the circuit was predicted to be between 1847.3-2319.2 ohms. Through experimentation the actual total resistance for the circuit was 2216.62 ohms, this value was within the predicted range. The actual resistance value of component 1 was 263.26 ohms; this was within the predicted range (271.36-245.51 ohms). The actual resistance value of component 2 was 1764.26 ohms; this was within the predicted range (1664.24-1846.36 ohms). The actual resistance value of component 3 was 2216.62 ohms; this was within the predicted range (2319.20 and 1847.3 ohms). The actual resistance of the resistors was found by using a multimeter. Some systematic error may have occurred in this experiment if the multimeter was not calibrated correctly during testing. Temperature fluctuations may have caused inconsistencies in this experiment. The reason why resistance occurs is that a metal consists of lattice of atoms that each has a shell of electrons. The metal is a conductor because the electrons are free to dissociate from their parent atoms and travel through the lattice. When a voltage is applied the electrons drift from one side of the metal to the other. In real material imperfections scatter the electrons resulting in resistance. Temperature is able to affect resistance because temperature causes the atoms to vibrate more strongly creating even more collisions and further increasing the resistance. Conclusion: The aim of the experiment was to compare the predicted and actual resistance in the circuit of resistor combinations in series and parallel. The results of this experiment found that the series and parallel resistor laws were reasonably good indicators of the real world values of resistance for circuits that contained resistors in series and parallel. One example of this was that the total resistance of the circuit made was found to be 2216.62 ohms which was within the predicted range (this predicted range was calculated by using the upper and lower tolerance values for the resistors used in the circuit. From the data obtained it can therefore be seen that all three resistor laws stated in the Background section of this report are quite useful in calculating theoretical values for the resistance of circuits in series and parallel that are close to the real world values. Bibliography: resistor. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2005. Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1 24 Jul. 2005. resistor. WordNet 1.7.1. Princeton University, 2001. Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1 24 Jul. 2005. resistor. Electronics. Twysted Pair, 2001. Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1. 24 Jul. 2005. Storen, A and Martine, R. (2000) Nelson Physics VCE Units 3 and 4. Nelson Publishing: Sydney. (pp 221-226)

The Monsters in My Head, Frank Langellas Essay

The Monsters in My Head, Frank Langellas Essay The Monsters of Life In Frank Langellas essay â€Å"The Monsters in My Head,† Langella describes fear as a monster our imagination that changes as we get older, Langella also describes how one should confront and control the â€Å"monsters† that are in our heads. I agree with Langella, that one should not fear the â€Å"Monsters† of life that one should confront or overcome fear itself because, if one does not overcome these monsters, these monsters will end up eating us or hunting us for the rest of our lives. In Langellas essay â€Å"The Monsters in My Head,† Langella describes that when he was a young kid, a mummy would come into his room every night to hunt him down, but then one night the mummy did not show up for its nightly routine, it had disappeared. Years and years passed till, one night when Langella already had a son, a four year old. Another monster showed up to eat up his sons sleep. Langella went into action with his macho strategy of fighting his sons monster with a pillow. So, from that night on he would always do his heroic achievement, fighting his sons monster off. After weeks of this continuing battle, Langella realized that the monster would return every time his son wanted it to return. Langella then reflected on his mummys disappearance and realized that his own monster had never gone away, it was always there next him, but it had changed shapes and sizes as rapidly as he grew older. As he grew older, Langellas monster went from a mummy to a flying object. The n it changed to a first date, a first rejection and then to marriage and now fatherhood. Then Langella told his son that he was not going to fight the monster anymore because it was his sons monster and he had to fight it himself since the monster was in his sons head, and only his son could control it. The monster never returned to hunt and eat up his sons slumber. It actually changed its form. The monster became his sons new favorite playmate. So, Langella attempts to suggest strategies to overcome and control the â€Å"monsters† or the fears of life. Langellas arguments of controlling and overcoming ones fears are true because I have experienced these â€Å"monsters† or these fears myself through my lifetime. When I was about ten, I used to dread watching horror films because after watching these gruesome-massacring films, I would always relive those scary-horrid scenes in my own dreams or as we well known them as nightmares. So, every time when my family wanted to watch these crimson-thrillers, I would just go to my room and watch cartoons to invade these things we call nightmares or monsters, that will come in the pitch-black night to eat us or hunt us down. One night, my uncle Rodolfo came over to watch the Boogeyman. My uncle told me not to be afraid of fictional-monsters that only existed in my head. So, I stayed that night to watch this terrifying -cliffhanger movie. As I anxiously watched the movie, I realized that the main character, Tim, was also afraid of this monster, the boogeyman, which Tim believed that it li ved in his closet, and would come out at night to terrify Tims sleep away. The point is that one day Tim decided that he wanted to confront this monster, so in other words he wanted to be brave and take control. As I watched the movie, I reflected and realized that I could also control and overcome my fear for screaming-suspense moving pictures or in other words horror movies. Then I told myself everything is in my head these monsters do not exist, they are imaginary. So, from that night on, I always enjoy the thrilling sensation of getting my hairs spike up after seeing a great scary movie without having any monsters invading my wondrous dreams. Like Langella said, we should overcome, control, and fight our own monsters, just like how I had to learn to fight and control my fear of having nightmares hunting me down after watching a horror movie. One has to always remember that these â€Å"monsters† or â€Å"fears† are just in our heads. Langellas argues that these â€Å"monsters† still stand next to us side by side every day, every hour, every minute that the clocks runs, these monsters never go away. They just change shapes and sizes. My monsters are always with me. They are my favorite companions with whom I go to school, my classes, and my every day activities. My monsters are my challenges and fears, my ups and downs; they are what keep me going. The â€Å"monsters† that only exist in our heads are what makes us better persons. Some of the many monsters that have accompanied me through my long journey of life range from high school to adulthood and now to UCR. High school was like that long double twisted rollercoaster that never ends but irony it went by in a flash. High school was like the â€Å"IT† of the wondrous carnival of life. The â€Å"monsters† of high school and adulthood were very judging and responsible for hunting me down but, I was able to conquer them by changing their appearances. High school became my stepping stone to high education and adulthood became my sense of responsible and maturity. Now UCR will become my dearest best friend and one of my new companions in this long journey. Like Langella said, we should not let the monsters in our heads control us we should take control of our fears of losing or failing. Therefore, Langellas suggestions on how the â€Å"monsters† in our heads are just fictional characters of our imaginations going wild. That change as we grow older in maturity and responsible. Lastly we should not let the â€Å"monsters† of life control us, we should actually take gear, control, and override them or else they will run us over.

To work or not to work? :: Journalism Journalistic Papers

To work or not to work? Why the educated homemaker is opting out of the workplace and why other women are not It’s 5 a.m. and Laura Williams squints at her computer’s bright light. She presses the letters on her keyboard and replies to as many emails as she can before another busy day at her full-time job begins. After she makes breakfast for her family, her husband Ryan gets their daughters, Emma, 4, and Anna, 18 months, ready. Then the Williams family sets out to drop Emma at pre-school, and then mom and Anna drop dad at work. Sounds like your typical family morning: the family gets ready, the kids go off to school, and mom and dad go off to work, right? Well, sort-of. Seven years ago, 29-year-old Laura Williams was living the professional life she always imagined. Armed with a degree in social work from Cornell, Williams had an impressive resume that could practically name her job of choice. But today, she’s living the life she never imagined she would have: she’s a stay-at-home mom. Williams is a part of a growing national trend where educated women earning good salaries temporarily ‘opt out’ of the workplace to take care of their children. With professional experience ranging from public relations at XEROX to handling media affairs for 1997 U.S. Poet Laureate Robert Pinsky at Boston University, Williams had employers from Rochester, N.Y. and Cambridge, Mass. offering her higher paying and higher power jobs. But the newly married, successful professional was also thinking about starting a family. So Williams turned down these career advancing offers and continued at the Boston University Public Relations Office. â€Å"I knew early on that I did not want an 80-hour per week job,† said Williams. â€Å"Getting a graduate degree, working part-time, and starting a family are three things that did not mesh.† Williams, 36, who described herself as a go-getter, said she always felt ambitious while growing up. â€Å"I knew I wanted to work professionally,† she said. â€Å"I always thought I would work part-time and have children.† But after working at BU through her first pregnancy and simultaneously taking graduate classes at the university, Williams became anxious; yet she wasn’t ready to walk away. â€Å"This was definitely the most stressful time in my life,† said Williams, whose own mom was a stay-at-home mom. â€Å"At the time you think you can do it all, but finally I approached my boss and convinced him to let me work from home.

Full Moon and Little Frieda

Full moon and little Frieda is a poem written by Ted Hughes. The poem is about Frieda’s first word ‘Moon’, but in this poem, Moon represents her father, which is Ted. He is amazed at her for the first time calling his name. It starts of just like this â€Å"on a cool evening with dogs barking and buckets clanking with spider’s web with dew looking like a mirror. † And cows are wandering in their lane â€Å"A dark river of blood, many boulders† In the first stanza, he says â€Å"as you listening†, it means that he’s trying to put you in his situation or current atmosphere, or in this case, in the barn.It is at night when the cows are getting ready to get back to their ‘home’. It is a silence night where there are spider webs with dews on it. In the second stanza, he shows us that the ‘cows are going home in the lane there, looping the hedges with their warm wreaths of breath’, meaning that the cows are go ing back to their home in their comfortable lane and that they are happy. ‘A dark river of blood, many boulders’ suggests that he wants the reader to think there is some sort of sadness when his wife left him because she committed suicide.But when Frieda cries Moon, his reaction changed become surprised and amazed because he is very happy to hear his name being called. I think it is not a sad poem, but some parts like ‘dark river of blood’ suggest that maybe he is having a family trouble, which could be due to the fact that his wife committed suicide. This poem is well-written in a very simply English even though the meaning behind it is not really obvious.The first time I read the poem, I thought it’s just about a little girl on a farm full of cows calls for the moon. But after a bit of research, I realized that Moon represents her father. The cows represent both sadness and happiness. I see that it is written in 3 stanzas. The first two stanzas, it has 5 verses. There is a lot of imagery going on in the poem that really put you in the peaceful mind, the animals doing what they are suppose to do (going back to the farm because it is late night already).I also see that there is no rhythm or rhyme in the poem. While you’re reading the poem, the feeling of relaxed and chilled are felt. This is a short poem which I love as I can’t stand long poems that literally need deciphering before one can understand them. It had no rhyming or rhythm so one was free to put your one style into it which makes it more fun. I liked the subject of the poem and it was to me a very meaningful and well written poem.

ENZYMOLOGY LAB 1 Essays - Measurement, Laboratory Equipment

ENZYMOLOGY LAB 1 Essays - Measurement, Laboratory Equipment RESULTS A - The mass of the cents CentsWeighed MassMass by DifferenceDifference #11.73g1.73g0g #21.72g1.72g0g #31.72g1.72g0g #41.73g1.73g0g #51.73g1.73g0g Total mass8.63g Total mass - #56.90g Remaining mass - #45.17g Remaining mass - #33.45g Remaining mass - #21.73g Remaining mass - #10g Mass by difference=Total mass - ( Total mass - #5 ) =1.73g Difference=Weighed mass - mass by difference =1.73g - 1.73g =0g Mean=1.73 + 1.72 + 1.72 + 1.73 + 1.73 5 =8.63 / 5 =1.73 MassMeanMass - Mean( Mass - Mean )2 1.731.7300 1.721.73( -1 )1 1.721.73( -1 )1 1.731.7300 1.731.7300 Standard deviation= =0 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 5 =0.4 B - The accuracy of the micropipettes Volume of distilled water (l) (Expected result)Weight of distilled water (mg) (Obtained result)Percentage of micropipettes 1000.11mg0.11% 5000.50mg0.10% 10001.01mg0.10% Your selected volume ( 900 )0.90mg0.10% Percentage=0.11mg X 100% 100 =0.11% C - Plotting an absorbance spectrum Wavelength ( nm )Absorbance 1Absorbance 2*Average of absorbance 5400.6300.6170.624 5600.5530.5480.551 6000.5820.5850.584 6100.6230.6160.620 6200.6180.6130.616 DISCUSSION Analytical thinking is a critical component of visual thinking that gives one the ability to solve problems quickly and effectively. It involves a methodical step-by-step approach to thinking that allows to solve a problem. Gathering relevant information and identifying key issues related to this information are processes of analytical thinking. This type of thinking also requires to compare sets of data from different sources. An analytical thinker usually will identify possible cause and effect patterns, and draw appropriate conclusions from these datasets in order to achieve appropriate solutions. Analytical thinking is important to look at something through different points of view with the objective to create a cause and an effect. Other than that, with analytical thinking, facts can be used to support the conclusion and train of thought. Analytical thinking lead us to have a more focus and stream-lined approach to solution finding. Micropipettes are designed to transfer and mea sure very small amounts of liquid. They can used to measure volume as low as 0.1 microlitre. Micropipettes require disposable tips that come in contact with the fluid. Micropipettes come in many sizes. The most commonly used micropipettes in laboratory are the P-10, P-20, P-200 and P-1000. The number refers to the maximum volume ( measure in microlitre ) that can be transfered. The four standard sizes of micropipettes correspond to four different disposable tip colors. P-10 is white in color, P-20 and P-200 are yellow in color and P-1000 is blue in color. Balances are designed to meet the specific weighing requirement in the laboratory. These balances come in precision designs and operating characteristics that allows making quick and accurate measurements. There are many types of balances can be found in laboratory. Electronic balance, analytical balance and precision weighing balance are the most commonly used balances. Electronic balances provides their results in digital, making them an easy tool to be used. Analytical balances come with the highest accuracy for meeting the demands of analytical weighing processes. Precision weighing balances are laboratory standard high precision balances that are based on latest process technology and features best displayed increment of 0.001g (1mg) with maximum capacity available. A spectrometer is any instrument used to probe a property of light as a function of its portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically its wavelength, frequency, or energy. The property being measured is usually intensity of light, but other variables like polarization can also be measured. there are four types of spectrometer which are optical spectrometer, mass spectrometer and time-of-flight spectrometer. Optical spectrometer show the intensity of light as a function of wavelength or of frequency. Mass spectrometer is used to identify the amount and type of chemicals present in a sample. Further, time-of-flight spectrometer is used to determine the time of flight between two detectors so that energy spectrum of of particles of known mass can be measured. CONCLUSION As a conclusion, it is very important to be a analytical thinker in order to solve problems that we are facing in daily life. Other than that, as a science students, we should know how to handle an equipment appropriately for the correct usages. Further, proper lab technique skills must be practiced in order to get accurate result for an experiment and also to avoid any accidents. QUESTIONS 1.One of the lab equipment that we commonly use in laboratory is autoclave. An autoclave is a pressure chamber used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to high pressure . Pressure applied is usually 121C and the time is depends on the size of the