We Look For Employees Who Value Jadanco Housing Goals And...

OUR PEOPLE - We look for employees who value Jadanco Housing goals and purposes. OUR INTEGRITY - Ethical conduct is vital to Jadanco Housing and everything for which Jadanco H.A stands. OUR TEAMWORK - We share a common vision, working together to reach the best possible solutions. OUR QUALITY - We manage and maintain our properties to a standard that will always be a source of pride to the residents, the neighborhood and ourselves. OUR COMMITMENT – Jadanco Housing is not just another company, we are a public benefit corporation that serves a critical need today. Our founding purpose was to build affordable housing to create social justice. The employees are our most valuable resource to Jadanco H.A. Jadanco H.A is recognized†¦show more content†¦We seek partners, consultants and contractors whom we know we can trust and who likewise value openness and honesty. JHA Housing is a trusted organization. OUR TEAMWORK - Teamwork is critical to meet the challenges we face. We share a common vision, working together to reach the best possible solutions. We show respect and concern for each other, and encourage an atmosphere of friendly openness and mutual support. Each of our properties is a testament to the dedication, creativity and talents of our whole team. OUR QUALITY - JHA Housing developments are built to last. We build the highest possible quality housing within the means available. We develop housing as carefully as if we were going to live in it. OUR COMMITMENT - Housing is not just another company, we are a public benefit corporation that serves a critical need today. Our founding purpose was to build affordable housing to create social justice. With this goal comes commitment to social responsibility to Jadanco H. A. employees, our residents and our communities. Project Two: performance evaluations Performance Evaluation Session is from July 1 to September 15. All evaluations must be turned in to the Human Resources Office no later than September 15 of each fiscal year. If the deadline falls on a Holiday, weekend or business Closure day, all forms are due the workday before. To have the Performance Evaluations completed in a timely manner, Jadanco H.A. Human

Emotional Intelligence And Attribution Theory - 2033 Words

Introduction Communication is important not only in day-to day activities, but also in a career. Communication is the exchanging of information by speaking, writing, or using some other medium. This paper looks at the importance of emotional intelligence and attribution theory for a sales person in the energy industry. Moreover, it highlights evidence of improvement in both face to face interview and individual presentation. Two actions are also discussed that have the ability to enhance a career of a sales person in the energy industry. Emotional intelligence and attribution theory Emotional intelligence and the attribution theory contribute significantly to a student’s performance. In this regard, emotional intelligence refers to a student’s capacity to be aware of express, and control emotions while handling interpersonal relationships empathetically and judiciously. Emotional intelligence affects how an individual navigates various social complexities, manages behaviour and makes different personal decisions to get a positive outcome. The attribution theory, on the other hand, regards how human beings understand cases and how this relates to their behaviour and thinking (McLeod 2010). In other words, attribution theory presumes that people attempt to understand humans’ acts. Both the emotional intelligence and attribution theory will play a critical role in my success as I pursue my graduate career by enabling me to operate more effectively. Emotional intelligence AShow MoreRelatedEmotional Intelligence and Locus of Control as Correlates of Career Choice in Business Education Among Undergraduates1266 Words   |  6 Pagesinfluencing career choice of undergraduates in Business Education, but none has focused on influence of emotional intelligence and locus of Control. 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How is his theory applied in practice? (note specifically, the steps outlined in your reading article for â€Å"job enrichment†). 6. DiscussRead MoreThe Term Emotional Intelligence ( Ei )1630 Words   |  7 PagesInteracting with others in an effective way is essential to managing work and social connections. The term emotional intelligence (EI) is used to describe a person’s ability to perceive emotion in others, express and control their own emotions, as well as controlling emotion in others (McShane Von Glinow 2013, p.105). What is intelligence? Intelligence is a combination of knowledge and aptitude and shows the breadth and rate of learning (Mayer, Roberts, Barsade 2008, p.511). †¢ Knowledge isRead MoreStability vs Change859 Words   |  4 Pages(1974). Additionally, Windows of Opportunity is a specific time span for normal development of certain types of skills. â€Å"Timing is important† Herr (2008). For example, since the critical period for emotional control is birth to three years, children who miss this window are likely to experience emotional related difficulties later in life. Possible examples are problems with showing empathy or difficulty managing their feelings. Question: Is the Individual’s personality primarily determined byRead MoreTheories of Motivation1011 Words   |  5 PagesTheories of Motivation Arousal: * A person’s state of alertness and mental and physical activation. Arousal Theory: * People are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. * The optimal level is different for all of us. Stimulus Motives: * Motives that cause us to increase stimulation. * Appear to be unlearned, * Curiosity, exploration, and play that occur when your arousal is too low. Yerkes-Dodson Law Yerkes-Dodson Law: * Principle that performance on aRead MoreQuantitative Article Critique1774 Words   |  8 PagesQuantitative Article Critique Preface This paper is an academic critique of the article written by Yin-Kum Law (2008) titled The role of attribution beliefs, motivation and strategy use in Chinese fifth-graders’ reading comprehension found in Routledge Taylor amp; Francis Group Educational Research Journal. This article will be broken down by section, with each segment being independently evaluated. This paper is a critique of several different aspects of the research study including: data collectionRead MoreLeadership Theory And Its Impact On The Achievement Of A Vision788 Words   |  4 Pagesgoals. They then jump straight into many different types of theories that coincide with leadership. The first is trait theories. This theory considers personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from nonleaders. Although, it is not very useful until matched with the Big Five Personality Framework. Some essential leadership traits are extroversion, conscientiousness, openness, and emotiona l intelligence (Qualified). The only one I don’t agree with so much is theRead MoreIntelligence Of Intelligence And Intelligence1450 Words   |  6 PagesIntelligence can be defined as referring to intellectual functioning. There are many ways to assess intelligence such as intelligence quotients, many standardized test such as IQ tests, and the comparison of your personal intelligence among those in your same age group. Test like the IQ fail to measure the different types of intelligence. When most people think about intelligence they make the general assumption that one is referring to academic intelligence. There are mare many different factors

Public Handwash, Why Should They And Why They Don’t Free Essays

Public Handwash, Why Should They And Why They Don’t Funny how little attention is paid to the importance of washing hands? After all, who does not know about it? Isnt it something we all learnt at a very tender age? It may appear to be a common sense thing. It is known that the hands are so much active in ones everyday life. It is the hands that touch everything and do all the work whether clean or dirty. We will write a custom essay sample on Public Handwash, Why Should They And Why They Don’t or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hands are therefore the routes through which germs and bacteria get their way into the body and eventually causing infections. According to Larson, et al, (2003), there is the need to always keep the hands clean and at all times. Keeping the hands clean prevents transmission of germs and prevents sickness and illnesses to oneself as well as to others. Others tend to trivialize the whole idea and overlook it. It is hard to believe the number of people who get their hands contaminated but will not wash them. Is washing of hands for some people? After all, some get dirtier than others, don’t they? What with the gardener, the mechanic and all those known to indulge in jobs known to be dirty? Is it only the young children who need to be reminded to wash their hands because they have been out playing? Is it only the women or those preparing food that should continuously wash their hands? Washing of hands is not for a particular kind of people but for everybody. This is so by the fact that everyone’s hands are contaminated from time to time. It is surprising though to realize that even such people as doctors and nurses go without washing hands, considering that they sing the monotonous song to everybody of washing hands. Are they not the role models? Don’t they understand the reason behind it more than any one else? Some people who are adversely affected by this are school children. They are known to be very playful and they tend to use their hands. This exposes them to the hazard of getting infected because they are likely to forget to wash their hands and come lunchtime, they will use the same hands to eat without even hint of what they might be taking in. The fact that there is public handwash indicates the essence of the washing of hands. It is not necessary that your hands be soiled so that you can be convinced to wash them. You will be surprised to know how much dirty your hands are, much as they may appear clean. Whether in the hospitals, schools or restaurants, washing of hands is mandatory. It is shocking to come to the realization that only few people wash their hands after visiting the toilet. Is it because of the notions that the people have about these public places? Most people are known to view these public toilets and washrooms as dirty places. Does this excuse them from washing their hands? There are numerous reasons that call for one to see to it that their hands are washed regardless of whether they appear dirty or not. Just like I have said above, one has no option but to ensure that his hands are washed immediately after visiting the toilet. This is because there are so many germs that are got here and failure to wash hands dictates spread of germs and bacteria known to cause sickness and illnesses. The human body is one source of harmful germs and so one should ensure that he has washed hands after touching bare human body. One should also make it a duty to wash hands after handling animals. This much affects people who have pets like cats and dogs. These animals are known to be the carry a lot of germs and bacteria harmful to ones health as they cause illnesses. Before handling any food, one must wash hands to avoid contaminating it. This prevents harmful germs from being transferred from the  Hands to the food and consequently into the body through the mouth, (Roberts, 2001). Again, it is essential that one wash the hands after coughing, sneezing or even scratching. It is unbelievable the germs that are transmitted through sneezing or coughing. There is the need to wash hands frequently because every one is likely to touch the eyes or nose or any other sensitive body part that is likely to cause transmission of the germs from the hands and causing diseases. Last but not least, one should ensure that hands have been washed after handling soiled equipment. The fact that the equipment is already soiled is a clear indication of the need to wash the hands. This brings us to the key reason of discussing public handwash: its importance! To begin with, handwashing is essential to stop the spread of germs and bacteria that cause infections. Preventing sicknesses and illnesses subsequently prevents you from missing classes, job or social activities. This is so in that you do not go down with any infection that may have been caused by the germs. Washing of hands is particularly mandatory for the hospital workers. As the truth is, they are constantly in contact with sick people who may be secreting body fluids. This increases the chances of the doctor or nurse to have hospital-acquired infections. It is therefore only wise for these health workers to wash their hands after every short while. Washing of hands not only keeps an individual safe from infections but it also keeps everyone else healthy. In The Journal, December 16,2006, it is promised that one cannot transmit germs from themselves to the next person as they have their hands washed and free from any germs. This applies largely in the context that one is preparing food for others. The chance of having germs transmitted from the hands to the food is drastically reduced owing to the fact that hands have been washed. People should always see to it that they have washed their hands before getting into the house. More applicable is the duty to wash hands before handling anything in the house. This ensures that no germs from outside have been brought into the house. I have always wondered why someone would think it ok to use the bathroom and comfortably check out without washing his or her hands. Don’t they know the kind of germs they can spread? I can bet women do it so acceptably; walking right out of the stall and out the exit door without so much as a care. Men on the other hand are not any better. In fact they are on the worse side. Now, someone has their hands on the same surfaces that you will be using soon after and still you don’t bother to wash your own hands after you are through? Something is just so wrong, or what shall I say about it? There are still people known not to wash their hands at all. Do these people have a valid reason why they should not? Aren’t they at the same risk with everyone else of contracting infections? One of the biggest reasons why some people don’t wash hands is if one is a man. Fewer men are known to wash their hands after visiting the public restroom than women. The crucial fact is that both men and women are at the same risk of getting infected with diseases if the hands are not washed. It is not so much that the men are incapable of contracting diseases but rather it is the issue about gender. The men see it as though it is only the women and childern who should have their hands washed while they overlook it altogether. It is disheartening when such simple task is not carried out as expected. Doesn’t it only require soap and water to have the whole thing done? Its not even like it takes long, yet it is a task not done by many. So much about people not feeling like washing their hands. It is very well known that some public restrooms and washrooms are not anything to write home about. In fact if the truth is to be told, they are so disgusting such that no one would wish to use them. This therefore becomes a reason why one would not use the public handwash facilities. Having talked about washing hands as a way of preventing spread of germs, it does not necessarily follow. By saying this, I want to bring into the limelight the fact that public handwashing may be a source of infections and affects the health of the community. Considering that there is universal use of soap and water, chances of spreading germs from one person to another are high. Thus handwashing becomes a problem in itself other than a problem solver. This therefore explains why many people would rather remain with dirty hands than expose them to greater danger. Everyone’s health is at this time put in danger as the rate at which the germs are to spread is quite high and the facilitators as well a in large numbers. It becomes apparent therefore that the best thing that one can do is to avoid it at all costs. There is the cost of medication to be looked into. This is the aftermath of handwashing and being infected with the germs that eventually cause diseases. The thought of visiting the hospital about a case of diarrhea is not at all pleasant. For it being a preventable illness indicates uncleanliness and poor hygiene. It would therefore be acceptable to deduce that while it is very much recommendable for one to wash their hands, there is also the need for great caution. In thinking that one is preventing germs and their spread, he may actually be getting more than he already has in his hands and thus exposing himself to danger of getting sick. Washing hands is therefore a very careful task that should not be overlooked or assumed (Curtis, 2002). Much as one might wash hands, it does not necessarily mean that they are really clean. One should then use the appropriate materials, which are clean water and soap. In doing so, one will be doing himself a lot of good and not just to himself but the other people as well. Just like we have seen, the other people’s health is very much affected by the individual’s hygiene. Public handwash is therefore both good and bad, as we have seen in the discussion above. This however does not mean that the public handwash should be done away with. References: Roberts, C. (2001). The food safety information handbook. Oryx Press. Larson, E., et al (2003). Short-and long-term effects of handwashing with antimicrobial or plain soap in the community. Journal of community health, Vol.28 The journal (Newcastle, England,) (2006,December 16). How to avoid flu and colds this Christmas. Curtis, V. (2002,Oct): Health in your hands Lessons from building public-private partnerships for washing hands with soap, Retrieved September 29, 2007 from: http://www.globalhandwashing.org/Publications/Lessons_learntPart1.htm How to cite Public Handwash, Why Should They And Why They Don’t, Essay examples

A theatrical lens on the Holocaust Essay Example For Students

A theatrical lens on the Holocaust Essay In the third year of the united Germany, the positive consequences of reunification are obscured by ominous reports of marching neo-Nazis whose appeal to sympathetic bystanders, Germany for the Germans!, has encouraged average citizens to support violence against asylum-seekers. The boat is full, right-wing groups preach, as policemen and politicians appear unable to deter arsonists from attacking refugee shelters. When German politicians attribute such acts not to intolerance, but merely the expression of East German frustration at the existent social problems, we may question both the responsibility and sensitivity Germans have to their history and to their image abroad. Redefining the recent violence only vindicates the perpetrators. Was it then a victory for those dissatisfied citizens that the Bonn government struck a deal with Bucharest to deport Gypsies seeking asylum back to Romania? In 1992, the German proposal to transport a group of people they once deemed sub-human evokes haunting images of the past. These days, however, when ethnic cleansing in Bosnia continues without much foreign fuss, neighboring countries choose to close their borders to the flow of refugees from what was Yugoslavia. Perhaps this harsh climate has emboldened Germanys most recent actions, making officials forgetful of lessons past. IT IS PRECISELY such a climate that demands historical retrospection. The recent Berlin commemoration of Hitlers Wannsee Conference attempted such a task. It may seem grotesque that a German city would host a festival on Jewish Cultural Life only 50 years after Germany plotted the destruction of European Jews. But given the increasing skepticism of the other, the festival underscored an ongoing national debate, implying that all Germans are answerable to a mutual past marked by collaboration within totalitarian regimes. Supervised by the Berliner Festspiele and supported by state subsidies and donations from abroad, the four-month program of art, film, music and theatre reflected Jewish life in many guises. But above all, the events expressed a central preoccupation with Jewish-German history and its consequencesWorld War II and a divided Germany, the Shoah, Israel and the preservation of memory. These historical events are especially relevant within the tumult of post-unification Ge rmany. The festivals varied program included concerts, symposia and a significant exhibit on German-Jewish theatre artists during the Third Reich. Membership in the Juedischer Kulturbund enabled artists to practice their craft, but also forced them to collaborate in their artistic ghettoization. Surviving members of the Kulturbund attended Berlins festival to bear witness, while younger practitioners dramatized remembrances, revived docudrama and theatricalized Jewish fables. And the Israeli Akko and Chan theatres staged a second generations critical perspective on Israels relationship to the Holocaust and Palestinians. After Auschwitz and Buchenwald, it seems impossible for modern theatre artists to ignore the Shoah in their work. Even Moni Ovadias operatic The Golem, about a legendary protector of the Jews, is a reminder of those unprotected Jews who suffered pogroms. Ovadia relied on non-verbal means to evoke the Prague ghetto. Against a setting of cavernous silhouettes and a solitary gravestone, Klezmer musicians intoned an emotional spectrum from grief to joy. And in a melodic fusion of German, Yiddish and Hebrew prayer, Ovadia incorporated the eternal Jew. More directly associated with post-Holocaust experience are George Taboris biting comedies Mein Kampf and the Jewish Western, Weisman und Rotgesicht. Taboris combination of social commentary, popular myth and wit proves that theatre can comment on the Holocaust without alienating an audience. In the Western, Weisman is lost in the desert with a spastic daughter and a bag of ashes (his wife). Here, hold your mother, he tells his daughter. Tabori breaks through stereotype and taboo by making fun of them. Indian Joes entrance propels the action in the grotesquely funny comment on how society victimizes the outsider. At a high noon confrontation between an Indian with an identity-crisis and a Jew who survived Hitler, the audience can gasp, then laugh. For the shootout is a verbal competition of suffering from Redfaces My uncle was lynched in Disneyland! to Weismans My aunt was burned at Treblinka! .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca , .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .postImageUrl , .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca , .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:hover , .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:visited , .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:active { border:0!important; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:active , .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u05f3ecbe814358d2cf4f83b7331b90ca:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Hitler and the Holocaust EssayTo what extent can and should a topic like Auschwitz be used as the basis for creativity? Neither Ovadia nor Tabori used the Holocaust as their main focus, but two other productions featured Auschwitz: Georg-Maria Pauens Love Song of the Alphabet from Auschwitz (adapted from Armand Gatti) and Akko Theatres Arbeit Macht Frei. Pauens work-in-progress depends on language to speak the unspeakable. The non-German actors play letters of the alphabet (in German). Having collaborated in the creation of Auschwitz for language and man are equal the letters reassemble to seek their raison detre in words. It becomes clear that M is missing: M is for music , medicine, Mengele and mankind. The letters collaboration in Auschwitz indicted society. But the alphabet now recreates the memory of Auschwitz and poeticizes Auschwitzman. Perhaps this is why the projects noble mission fails as performance. The semantic confusion of shifting meanings and fragmented description is restricted by spoken language. Love Songs nonverbal language of space, however, succeeded. Staged in Kreuzbergs Art-Center, spectators wandered through six rooms. The main acting area suggested a crematorium in its narrowness, bricks and red light. Other environments evoked the journey to the ovens: a living-room where spectators perched on packing-boxes, a room strewn with timbers for railroad tracks, and a room with planted dirt and grass. I left the scenic-reading with sharp recollections of these environments, but the performance-text giving back speech to the speechless seemed shallow. Unlike Pauens pontifications, David Maayans six-hour Arbeit Macht Frei did not theorize Auschwitz; it went beyond spoken language to express the memory of Auschwitz and how one remembers it. In this close-up theatre, actors mingled among spectators and shared a meal with the performers. Unquestionably, the unusual structure of the event added to its success: The city of Berlin became both backdrop and character in the production which began as a sightseeing tour. Thirty spectator-participants boarded a bus at the former site of the Gestapo, drove to the Villa-Wannsee museum, and spent Act 2 in the cellars of a dilapidated East-Berlin brewery. Behind locked electronic gates, guides led the audience through dank, labyrinthine corridors toward the smells of incense. Documentary footage of troops liberating concentration camps flickered on the rooms floor. The museum guide/survivor appeared underneath the light beam unbandaging her arm. She caressed and spat on her wound (a tattooed number from Auschwitz). And hurling herself onto the floor, she joined her body and memory with the film. This emblematic scene suggests the criticism with which these actors address Israels penchant for licking the wounds of the past. This startling accusation recurred. A caustic scene play ed literally on top of a cardboard mockup of Auschwitz ridiculed an Israeli school ceremonial for Holocaust victims. We are victims! sang the children against a cacophony of sound and images of war. Does Israel thrive on the German-directed horrors of the past? If Akkos actors were not Jews, they might be considered anti-Semites. But the actors did not trivialize the past, nor did they profess self-hatred. Their sympathy for survivors was obvious, even in the simulated rites of Israel and Nazi Germany (a mock selection of audience members, interrogations). Provocative scenes within an Israeli household, however, implied an intrinsic bond between Israeli life and the Holocaust that bordered on the grotesque. The actors undercut sentimentality with irony, de-poeticized images through nudity, and thus created a carnivalesque finale: a hellish orgy of Shoah business. It is risky to contemplate Auschwitz through a theatrical lens. Imposing artistic concepts on the Holocaust may result in trivializing the horrific. The inadequacy of words to express the inexpressible suggests that nonverbal means are necessary to convey a metaphor, mood or memory of the Shoah. Akkos theatrical statement about Auschwitz engaged both the senses and the intellect. It was especially resonant with the bitter irony of history in the theatrical locus Berlin the city where Auschwitz was conceived. Fifty years later, the recently burned-out memorial at the former concentration camp, Sachsenhausen just outside of Berlin indicates the more disturbing irony of German history: The Germans, presumably, have not understood the importance of preserving memory.

In September Of 490 BC. The Greco-Persian War Rages On In The Marathon

In September of 490 BC. The Greco-Persian war rages on in the Marathon Plain of Northwest Attica. The Athenians have just repulsed the first Persian invasion of Greece. The Greek army was vested to ten different generals each controlling one day of battle. The generals were evenly divided on whether to wait for the Persians to attack or to attack them. A civil official, Callimachus, who decided to attack, broke the tie. Four of the generals ceded their commands to the Athenian general Miltiades making him commander in chief. The Greeks did not want to face the Persian cavalry on the open plain, but before dawn the Greeks learned the cavalry was temporarily absent from the Persian camp. Miltiades ordered a general attack on the Persian army. He led his contingent of 10,000 Athenians and 1,000 Plataeans against the Persian force of 15,000. By re-enforcing his battle lines flank thus decoying the Persians best troops into pushing back his center where they were surrounded by inward-whee ling Greek wings. According to legend an Athenian messenger was sent from Marathon to Athens, a distance of 25 miles, where he announced the Persian defeat before dying of exhaustion. That tale became the basis for the modern marathon race. Herodotus tells that a trained runner Pheidippides was sent from Athens to Sparta before the battle to request assistance from the Spartans. He is said to have run some 150 miles in about two days. Through all the fighting there was one tradition that continued through all the ages. For centuries Olympic games have never stopped. The Olympian games were celebrated in the summer every four years in the sanctuary of Zeus at Olympia. The order of events is really not known but they believe that the first day was devoted for sacrifices to the gods. The second day began with foot races. Spectators gathered in the stadion, an oblong area enclosed by sloping banks of earth. On other days wrestling, boxing, and the pancratium, a combination of the two, was held. In the first of the sports the object was to throw your opponent to the ground three times. Contestants in boxing would originally wrap strips of soft leather over their fingertips to deaden the blows; they then started using hard leather weighted with metal. They fought until one opponent acknowledged defeat. Horse racing and a pentathlon next, the pentathlon included sprinting, long jumping, javelin, discus, and wrestling. Ev ery event that the ancient Olympians had, we now have, and the Olympics is still a chance for life long enemies to put aside their weapons and compete as gentlemen. The Olympic games are a way for all kinds to get along if only for a short time. By Josh Rudolph

Independance Day essays

Independance Day essays Independence Day (1996) Synopsis:It is an ordinary summer day. But then, without warning, something very extraordinary happens. Enormous shadows fall across the land. Strange atmospheric phenomena, ominous and mesmerizing, surface around the globe. All eyes turn upward. The question of whether we're alone in the universe has finally been answered. And, in a matter of minutes, the lives of every person across the globe are forever changed. With the fate of our planet at stake, the Fourth of July is about to take on an entirely new meaning. No longer will it be an American holiday. It will be known as the day the entire world fought back. The day we did not go gentle into the good night... The day all of us on planet Earth celebrated our independence day. What if visitors from another world suddenly appeared? What if tomorrow morning, you walked out of your door and saw an enormous spaceship hovering over your entire city? And what if you learned that the same thing was happening across our planet? These kinds of questions have sparked innumerable discussions, theories and debates across the planet. Now, we're about to get the answers. It is an ordinary summer day But then, without warning, something very extraordinary happens. Enormous shadows fall across the land. Strange atmospheric phenomena, ominous and mesmerizing, surface around the globe. All eyes turn upward. The question of whether we're alone in the universe has finally been answered. And, in a matter of minutes, the lives of every person across the globe are forever changed, With the fate of our planet at stake, the Fourth of July is about to take on an entirely new meaning. No longer will it be an American holiday. it will be known as the day the entire world fought back. The day we did not go gentle into the good night ... The day all of us on planet Earth celebrated our INDEPENDENCE DAY. In the epic adventure film INDEPENDENCE DAY, strange phenome...

Animal Oxygen Consumption Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Animal Oxygen Consumption - Lab Report Example After series of tests and manipulation, the investigator found out that, oxygen consumption of the group's subject which is the "Tilapia" increases, as incubation period increases; however, the former was found to have no direct relationship with its body weight. The result was contrasting to the experience of other groups which were assigned to investigate "crayfishes". Direct or linear relationship among crayfishes' oxygen consumption, incubation time and body weight were not as well established. All living cells need energy from exterior sources to act upon their many important tasks such as biosynthesis, transportation of molecules across membranes, movement, and reproduction. Green plants for example, acquire vast amount of energy from sunlight through photosynthesis. Chloroplasts surrounding the cell matrix convert solar energy into chemical energy. Moreover, most animals ingest food (usually plants and other animals) to acquire chemical energy that are stored in the food at the same time generate ATP through a process called cellular respiration. Cellular respiration in the same manner requires oxygen as a reactant. Thus, as an outcome of cellular respiration and cellular activity, animals are able to produce and release heat. This is one of the many unique characteristics of organisms and they as well vary in the rate of heat production as part of their metabolism.The overall process of cellular respiration can be summarized as: C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP + heat (Foodstuff) (respiration) (heat) (work) Oxygen consumption was measured by estimating the energy metabolism, since the rate of oxygen consumption as well as energy utilization is generally directly related. In this exercise, the oxygen consumption of Tilapia was determined by using LaMotte Dissolved Oxygen kit in small volumes of water. This technique is titration-based on the oxidizing characteristics of dissolved oxygen (DO). Manganese solution is also added to the tested water samples followed by a strong alkali. Later, the solution was titrated through a standard solution, followed by addition of an indicator. Objectives The laboratory activity intended to achieve the following aims: 1. To demonstrate relationship in animals' body weight, oxygen consumption per body weight with respect to the incubation periods. 2. To perform accurately the procedures in the use of LaMotte Dissolved Oxygen kit, titrations and balance. 3. To compare the oxygen consumption of nektonic and benthic organisms. Hypothesis There is no direct relationship among oxygen consumption, incubation time and body weight for both animals (tilapia and crayfish). Methods/Procedures 1. Students are assigned into groups. Each group will be assigned and organism to work with depending on availability. 2. Fill 4 jars with the aquarium water. Using a net, select 3 animals of which your group is assigned to and gently transfer them one to each of the mason jars. The animals may vary in size. In addition, in the case of Tilapia, choose smaller ones so they have room to move about in the jar. *Collect water for your negative control first, since

Lessons from Jesus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Lessons from Jesus - Essay Example The first twenty verses of Chapter five of Mark describe how Jesus freed a man from the demons that had possessed him. Background information presented indicates that the demons tormented the man immensely compelling him to dwell near tombs. However, on seeing Jesus, the man recognized that Jesus could offer a remedy to his problem, by ordering the demons to depart from him. Moreover, the man had knowledge of the true identity of Jesus as the one sent from God because he hid obeisance to him. Jesus ought to know the man’s name, and he replied that he was Legion because multiple demons had possessed him. Upon his request, Jesus ordered the demons to move out of him and possess the swine that were feeding on the mountains instead. After the demons possessed the swine, they moved into the sea and drowned. On Jesus’ order, the man went to retell his experience to his people (Reddish, 2011). From verses 21 by Mark, Chapter 5, a man named Jairus approached Jesus requesting hi m to accompany him to his homestead and heal his daughter. According to the man, the daughter was critically ill. Heeding his call, Jesus accepted to go with him, although the large crowd following Jesus proved to hinder swift movement. In this crowd was a woman who had suffered hemorrhaging for twelve years without finding any remedy despite her search. She had the conviction that Jesus had the potential of healing her condition. She only touched her garments and experienced instant healing. As they walked, they received news that Jairus’ daughter had succumbed to her illness. However, Jesus proceeded to the homestead and brought her back to life. In addition, John in Chapter 11 outlines how Jesus resurrected his friend, Lazarus. This happened after he had been in the tomb for four days. During this occasion, Jesus saw the grief of the people and wept to show his sensitivity to their needs (Reddish, 2011). Application It is evident that Jesus had power and used it in a sensi tive manner of helping others.  

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Rhetorical Analysis - Essay Example This essay will judge Obama's speech according to the principles of rhetoric – ethos, pathos, logos and mythos – to show that a speech with no apparent political motive (motive as distinct from purpose) can still be worthy of rhetorical study. Ethos, the (usually introductory) part of speech which convinces the audience of the speaker's moral authority on the subject to be addressed, has been under debate for at least hundreds of years: the question is whether ethos can be established before the speech, if a speaker's moral character, if known to the audience, has some effect on the audience's reception to what they say (Hyde, ix). The debate is purely academic, however, because Obama's position as President of the United States means that he will generally be accepted as an authority wherever he chooses to speak. At the time, his great interest in the reformation of healthcare and health insurance made his appearance in front of the ANA even more relevant. Obama's etho s is, as always, evident in three parts. Firstly, his casual announcement of somewhat specious facts – â€Å"it is an honor to speak to the ANA, representing more than three million registered nurses across the country† – present phronesis, as do his declaration of personal experience with nurses (which I will discuss under pathos). However, this is jeopardized slightly by his obvious lack of specialized knowledge on nursing. Moral excellence, or arete, is mostly to be discerned from the President's work previous to this speech, but is also reinforced in the large middle section which discusses his recent achievements in the field of health insurance, in which the Democratic party and progressive Americans are portrayed as a force of good against the â€Å"abusive† insurance industry. Eunoia is a powerful force in this speech, as Obama begins with personally thanking a member of the audience and congratulating her mother on her daughter's achievements; he continues with a joke (â€Å"I don't break promises to nurses because you never know when I'm going to need a shot†), which was received with laughter by the audience. He humanizes himself by talking about himself as fallible during the birth of one daughter and the serious childhood illness of another. The speech is peppered with individuals, and Obama's thanks for these people; the ending note is one of praise for the strong women and men who endure â€Å"tough †¦ stressful †¦ exhausting and †¦ thankless† jobs to help sick people. The audience is very much brought over to Obama's side by his goodwill and even flattery. This brings me to the second aspect of rhetoric: pathos. I see great evidence of pathos in Obama's speech – his appeals to emotion are frequent and often personal, as evident in many of his public appearances (Coop, 41). The video clip of the speech shows his great passion for less discrimination in healthcare, and his words cont ribute to this emotion. The stories of Obama's family – one daughter's birth and another's bout of meningitis as a three-month-old – are calculated to flatter every member of the union for being a nurse, not to thank the small number of nurses who attended to his family in times of need. Obama refers to the nurses who

Starbucks Strategic Management

Starbucks Strategic Management The Strategic Management provide an indepth knowledge of the process for developing and enacting business plans to reach a long-term goal that takes into account the internal variables and external factors in the business environment. It encompasses an integrated, future oriented managerial perspective that is outwardly focused, forward thinking and performance based. Strategic managers identify long-range targets, scan their operating environment, evaluate their organization structures and resources, match these to the challenges they face, identify stakeholders and build alliances, prioritize and plan actions and make adjustments to fulfill performance objectives over time. This module will provide detailed explanation on how the balancing of strategic managements outward, inward and forward looking functions would be used to develop a vision and strategies to move forward. The five key facets of strategic management namely, goal setting, strategy analysis, strategy formation, strategy implementation, and strategy monitoring will be introduced in stages. These are the integral elements that, when applied together, would distinguish strategic management from less comprehensive approaches, such as operational management or long-term planning. In 1971 Starbucks opened operations in Seattles Pike Place Markets with the future aim of providing coffee to a number of restaurants and surrounding bars. With the recruitment of Howard Schultz who led the marketing and retail efforts of Starbucks. * In 1982, the company took a change in direction through the views of Schultz, who after visiting Italy tried to adapt the same principles in order to a strong bar culture. Schultz then utilized Starbucks ability to provide quality coffee beans and opened up a new store called Il Giornale, which brewed coffee from these particular beans. * In 1987, Giornale had decided to take over the assets of Starbucks and also, further changed its name to Starbucks Corporation. By the end of the year, Starbucks had increased the number of stores to 17 and furthered its location span by entering Chicago and Vancouver. * In 1990, the company took further steps forward with expansion of the Seattle headquarters and an increase in resources with the opening of a new roasting plant. Relationships and other ventures also took off during the early nineties as the company looked to development organizations to further its progress. *In 1995, the company really established its name with the opening of the 676th store as well as increasing the products in store with the addition of compact discs a result of a previously popular experiment with in-house music. * In 1996, the company kept on stretching its reach by entering into the market of Japan, Singapore and Hawaii. This was achieved through joint ventures including the one formed with Sazaby Inc., which pushed through the development of coffee houses in Japan. In 1971 Starbucks opened operations in Seattles Pike Place Markets with the future aim of providing coffee to a number of restaurants and surrounding bars. With the recruitment of Howard Schultz who led the marketing and retail efforts of Starbucks. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 1982, the company took a change in direction through the views of Schultz, who after visiting Italy tried to adapt the same principles in order to a strong bar culture. Schultz then utilized Starbucks ability to provide quality coffee beans and opened up a new store called Il Giornale, which brewed coffee from these particular beans. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In 1987, Giornale had decided to take over the assets of Starbucks and also, further changed its name to Starbucks Corporation. By the end of the year, Starbucks had increased the number of stores to 17 and furthered its location span by entering Chicago and Vancouver. * In 1990, the company took further steps forward with expansion of the Seattle headquarters and an increase in resources with the opening of a new roasting plant. Relationships and other ventures also took off during the early nineties as the company looked to development organizations to further its progress. *In 1995, the company really established its name with the opening of the 676th store as well as increasing the products in store with the addition of compact discs a result of a previously popular experiment with in-house music. * In 1996, the company kept on stretching its reach by entering into the market of Japan, Singapore and Hawaii. This was achieved through joint ventures including the one formed with Sazaby Inc., which pushed through the development of coffee houses in Japan. Current situation The current international situation for Starbucks seems to be an emerging part of their business and the reorganization of this is proved by their aim to become a leading global company through making a difference in peoples lives all around the world. This goal is quite close to being achieved as proved the Starbucks current locations in international markets and the successfulness of these ventures. The current countries in which Starbucks are located in are: Australia, Bahrain, Canada, Hong Kong, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Malaysia, New Zealand, Oman, Peoples Republic of China, Philippines, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, United Arab Emirates, Egypt, United Kingdom, and the United States. Current performance Overall, the aim of becoming a worldwide global brand seems to be working in favor of the company and is helping it to attract the attention of many major companies who would like to share a partnership. This is all positive news for the company because it provides a strong basis for future development of international markets, which further strengthens the mission to become one of the leading specialty coffee retailers in the world.However, the net revenues increased 3 percent to $2.5 billion for the fourth quarter of 2008, compared to $2.4 billion for the fourth quarter of 2007. For the 13-week period ended September 28, 2008, Starbucks reported net income of $5.4 million, which included $105.1 million of restructuring charges and other transformation strategy costs. Net income was $158.5 million for the same period a year ago. The company actions announced in July of 2008 to close approximately 600 company-operated stores in the U.S. and 61 company-operated stores in Australia, and reduce approximately 1,000 open and filled positions within its leadership structure and non-store organization. Strategic posture 1- mission To inspire and nurture the human spirit- one person, one cup, and one neighborhood at a time The mission of Starbucks is to establish Starbucks as the premier purveyor of the finest coffee in the world while maintaining our uncompromising principles while we grow. None of this success would have been possible without a set of goals that the company aimed to achieve and a set of principles, which governed the decision making process. The six principles of Starbucks are stated as: 1-Provide a great work environment and treat each other with respect and dignity. 2-Embrace diversity as an essential component in the way we do business. 3-Apply the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing. 4-Roasting and fresh delivery of our coffee. 5-Develop enthusiastically satisfied customers all of the time. 6-Contribute positively to our communities and our environment, and recognize that profitability is essential to our future success. Application of these principles can be used as a guideline for all employees from managers to workers to aim to achieve the companys goals, while maintaining a certain type of standard. However, the net revenues increased 3 percent to $2.5 billion for the fourth quarter of 2008, compared to $2.4 billion for the fourth quarter of 2007. For the 13-week period ended September 28, 2008, Starbucks reported net income of $5.4 million, which included $105.1 million of restructuring charges and other transformation strategy costs. Net income was $158.5 million for the same period a year ago. The company actions announced in July of 2008 to close approximately 600 company-operated stores in the U.S. and 61 company-operated stores in Australia, and reduce approximately 1,000 open and filled positions within its leadership structure and non-store organization. This mission statement along with the set of guidelines provides a focus for employees as they make strategic decisions. It not only supports the employees, but supports the customers as well, making a note that they should be satisfied all of the time. The mission shows alignment with the vision by stating how the company plans to reach the broad goals set by the vision statement. Another supporting sentence in the mission statement is that the company applies the highest standards of excellence to the purchasing, roasting and fresh delivery of its coffee. This statement supports the idea thatStarbucks uses the best available resources to give it a recognized and respected name. Objectives Strategies: Here are the following objectives ofStarbucks: Our Coffee It has always been, and will always be, about quality. Were passionate about ethically sourcing the finest coffee beans, roasting them with great care, and improving the lives of people who grow them. We care deeply about all of this; our work is never done. Our Partners Were called partners, because its not just a job, its our passion. Together, we embrace diversity to create a place where each of us can be ourselves. We always treat each other with respect and dignity. And we hold each other to that standard. Our Customers When we are fully engaged, we connect with, laugh with, and uplift the lives of our customers even if just for a few moments. Sure, it starts with the promise of a perfectly made beverage, but our work goes far beyond that. Its really about human connection. Our Stores When our customers feel this sense of belonging, our stores become a haven, a break from the worries outside, a place where you can meet with friends. Its about enjoyment at the speed of life-sometimes slow and savored, sometimes faster. Always full of humanity. Our Neighborhood Every store is part of a community, and we take our responsibility to be good neighbors seriously. We want to be invited in wherever we do business. We can be a force for positive action- bringing together our partners, customers, and the community to contribute every day. Now we see that our responsibility-and our potential for good-is even larger. The world is looking to Starbucks to set the new standard, yet again. We will lead. Our Shareholders We know that as we deliver in each of these areas, we enjoy the kind of success that rewards our shareholders. We are fully accountable to get each of these elements right so that Starbucks -and everyone it touches-can endure and thrive. From all what mentioned above that Starbucks is aiming to success through quality of product, diversify in business and place, to satisfy customers and shareholders, through pleasant and nice existence nearly to everyone. Financial Analysis The general financial performance for Starbucks in 2008 was declining from the previous years dramatically. The following analysis will show this fact. Investment Returns % Company Industry Return On equity 12.6 25.8 Return On Assets 5.6 13.2 Both the ROE and ROA are lower than the industrys average, which means that the company is not using both the equity and their assets properly to increase their revenue. Profit margins % Company Industry Gross Margin 16 27 Pre-Tax Margin 4.4 13.2 Net Profit Margin 3.03 8.5 Starbucks margins are lower also that the industrys average, especially in 2008 where the net profit margin reduced to 3.03 from 6.3 in 2007. Financial Condition Company Industry Debt / Quity Ratio 0.4 0.46 Current Ratio 0.8 1 Quick Ratio 0.48 0.7 Starbucks generally manages their debs and liabilities wisely, and this considers a financial strength for the company. Year 2008 2007 2006 2005 sales 10383000 9411497 7786942 6369300 Net income 315500 672638 564259 494467 Corporate governance Board of directors As part of Starbucks mission they are committed to maintain their uncompromising principles while they grow. In this regard, their Board of Directors has adopted governance principles and committee charters to lead Starbucks governance practices. Currently, the board has 9 directors, a substantial majority of whom meet all of the independence requirements of NASDAQ ® and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. Of the nine members of Starbucks board, one is Latino, two are African American (one of which is female), and one other female also serves on the board. Starbucks president and CEO Howard Schultz chair the board. In Starbucks there are well-defined criteria for the selection of new board members, foremost being a clear demonstration of their own personal integrity and ethics. Board diversity is sought in terms of members personal and professional backgrounds, gender, race, ethnicity or other differentiating characteristics, enabling a wider range of opinions and perspectives to be considered. This criterias of selection affected the company in a very good way that gave it the opportunity to succeed in the international market. That the diversified background, education, culture and gender in the board was one of the greatest Starbucks strong points. There are three committees of the board are comprised of independent directors and have specific charters: Audit and Compliance,Compensation and Management Development and Nominating and Corporate Governance. In November 2007, the board amended the companys bylaws to include majority voting to allow shareholders to play a more meaningful role in the election of directors. Director nominees must receive more for than against votes to be elected in an uncontested election. Additionally, the term of a nominee who does not receive a majority of the votes cast will end on the earliest of either: (1) 90 days after the date election results are certified; (2) the date the director resigns; or (3) the date the board of directors fills the position. This change demonstrates Starbucks ongoing commitment to strong corporate governance practices. Shareholders and partners (employees) can provide recommendations and feedback to the board through the Business Conduct Helpline and the Audit line. In addition, written correspondence can be sent to the board, an individual director or to any of Starbucks independent board committees. Committee charters, governance principles, director nominations policy (including criteria for board membership) and profiles on each board member are available in the corporate governance section of Starbucks.com. Starbucks formed a Policy Governance Council in fiscal 2006 to oversee and approve governance tools at the global enterprise level, and to ensure they are well-defined, consistent with each other, current, stored for easy retrieval, and effectively communicated to partners. The Council is comprised of company leaders who represent multiple business units and functions, and is supported by Starbucks Policy Office and staff.Starbucks stakeholders include partners (employees), customers, suppliers, farmers, shareholders, governments, community members, environmental groups, activists and many others. The company engaged them to be able to understand their concerns and gain their input on topics of mutual importance. External Environment: Opportunities and Threats Starbucks international operation was one of the major aspects of their success. , in the mid 1990s, with the market reaching saturation, Starbucks could no longer depend on the U.S. market for growth. To maintain its growth rates and to boost revenues, Starbucks had to venture abroad. Starbucks international presence is now in more than 25 countries and the United States of America. This presence is formed in three modes in entry that are Joint venture, licensing and wholly owned subsidiaries. This became a burden on the mother company in a later stage. That those types of entry moods need a lot of training, supervising, management assistance and technology transfer for the partner. This is along with inability to engage in global strategic coordination. However, the success of Starbucks is not only to its aggressive expansion but also to its product innovation. Starbucks came out with new products to attract customers on different periods. Also diversification was one of the factors that Starbucks started to apply even on a small initiated base. That along with serving coffee, Starbucks also sold merchandise. In 1995, it started selling CDs of its famous in-house music program. It also entered into alliances with various players such as Canadian Airlines, United Air Lines, Starwood Hotels, and Barnes Noble, Inc., to serve Starbucks coffee. Michael Porters five forces Michael Porter defines five forces impacting a firms competitiveness- threat of substitutes, threat of new entrants in the industry, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, and the intensity of competition within the industry. A firms strategic decisions to respond to these five forces are a source of risk also. The company is facing a real threat of substitution from many other companies that producing the same product that is satisfying the same need. This is in its domestic market and even in the international market specially Europe and Middle East. Also Starbucks is facing a real problem of rival competition due to its uncompetitive price all over the world and even in its domestic market. Also the taste of Coffee had been judged by customers as an artificial taste especially in Japan. Suppliers bargaining power is really represent a threat for Starbucks. That they decided to deal with a 51% women or minority owned suppliers. Also they are not dealing with suppliers who dont follow the same environmental ethics that are for Starbucks. This may lead them to lose a good opportunity or deal with a supplier that they will not deal with him. Also dealing with small suppliers instead of dealing with limited number of big power full suppliers is not giving them real good deals for facilities and prices. Societal Environment Economics Economic factors are an important aspects that concern the nature and direction of the economy in which a firm operates Starbucks also faced criticism from Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) that urged the company to acquire certified coffee beans,ensuring that those coffee beans were grown and marketed under certain economic and social conditions. Furthermore, Starbucks faced problems due to economic recession in countries such as Switzerland, Germany, and Japan in the early 2000s, where it experienced declining sales and revenues. Moreover, a real expectation of huge recession during the next year due to the worldwide financial crisis may affect the companys results badly. Technological Starbucks is continuously searching for ways to better a customersexperience. With the introduction of the Starbucks Card for example, the Company has created the opportunity to improve customer service, shorten lines and make a customers visit at Starbucks quicker and more convenient. Most if not all Starbucks location has WI-FI for consumer needs. Political/Legal Increasing tensions between the United States and the rest of the world, the business environment, especially in the Middle East and Southeast Asia, was becoming increasingly volatile. After U.S. declaration of war on Iraq in early 2003 matters became worse for the company. This created serious problems for Starbucks. In July 2002, Arab students called for a boycott of American goods and services, due to the alleged close relationship between the United States and Israel. The boycott targeted U.S. companies including Starbucks, Burger King, Coca-Cola and Estee Lauder 2-In addition to these incidents, Starbucks topped the list of companies to be boycotted due to Schultzs alleged closeness to the Jewish community. Till now in the Arab countries Middle East a lot of rumors that Starbucks is sponsoring the Jewish community against Palestinian crises. Due to increasing security threats, Starbucks closed down its six stores in Israel. Starbucks had two class action suits pending since 2001. The lawsuits entitled Carr vs. Starbucks and Sheilds vs. Starbucks are challenging the status of Starbucks California store managers and assistant managers as exempt employees under California wage and hour laws. Starbucks is denying all liabilities in these cases, however; the company has agreed to the settlement in order to take care of all of the plaintiffs claims without having to get involved in any protracted litigation. Starbucks only imports all their coffee beans, so possible threats could include a change in import laws. A change in the status quo as far as imports go could greatly affect numerous areas of production for the company. For example, if it costs more to import or the process is made more difficult the result could ultimately be a change in price, which would affect the level of consumption for Starbucks coffees. Social/Cultural Environmental Mission Statement (Starbucks is committed to a role of environmental leadership in all facets of our business) As a result of Starbucks closely following their objectives, the company has installed a list of principles that further outline the companys willingness to make sure that its affect on the environment is as positive as possible. These principles are stated as: 1-Understanding of environmental issues. 2-Sharing information with our partners. 3-Developing innovative and flexible solutions to bring about change. 4-Striving to buy, sell and use environmentally friendly products. 5-Recognizing that fiscal responsibility is essential to our environmental future. 6-Instilling environmental responsibility as a corporate value. 7-Measuring and monitoring our progress for each project, and encouraging all partners to share in our mission. Those can only be seen as a positive for the image of the company and shows that they are willing to utilize their resources in order to more than satisfy requirements. Task Environment Not only this but also, Starbucks organizing activities such as neighborhood clean-ups and walk-a-thons. Many examples are available on the web site of the company. Policies that also have been implemented are the buying policies, which only allow the company to purchase from those other businesses (suppliers) who follow the same environmental strategy as Starbucks. This may push the company to lose an opportunity of good deal, because the supplier doesnt follow the company environmental policiesFinally, to integrate these policies to new employees, Starbucks has employed the services of a few partners which congregate together to create a Green Team, which installs the environmental views into trainees as well as coming up with inventive ways of helping the environment. Summary of External factors TO However, it was found that the success of Starbucks was due to its profitable domestic operations. It was reported that most of Starbucks international operations were running into losses. In May 2003, Starbucks Japanese operations reported a loss of $3.9 million (Japan constituted the largest market for the company outside the United States), and the company also performed badly in Europe and the Middle East. Analysis pointed out that Starbucks international operations were not as well planned as its U.S. operations. It was also observed that the volatile international business environment made it difficult for the company to effectively manage its international operations. Internal Environment: Strengths and Weaknesses Corporate Structure Starbuck has no formal organization chart and does not work with hierarchy structure. It consists of to main departments, functional department consists of marketing, supply chain, operations, finance and human resources, and cross functional teams, consisting of local store marketing and marketing campaigns. The decision making process in Starbucks is bottom up process, where the employees are empowered even to take decisions without referring back to the management. There is a conflict in the corporate structure where some employees are reporting to two different divisions which in some cases causing confusion and over lapping. Corporate culture The Chairman of Starbucks, Schultz decided to treat employees as family, and called them partners. Both full time and part time employees could benefit from training and health insurance. Starbucks paid some more salaries than competitors to gain highly qualified employees. Starbucks relied on its baristas and other frontline staff to a great extent in creating the Starbucks Experience which differentiated it from competitors. Employees had option to stock chare according to their base salaries. Also Starbucks had shared values with their employees who made them proud to work in such successful company, and this created good culture. Schultz decided also to be open and honest with his employees, and let them share in the decision making process. He gave extensive training to employees especially barista employees to give careful attention to customers. Environment was important to Starbucks. Using this concept Starbucks gave good attention to their suppliers by helping them technically and financially as part of their corporate social responsibility. Also it encouraged all partners to share in the companys mission. Starbucks has deep tacit knowledge, which is difficult to be imitated by competition. Functional strategies Marketing The main marketing strategy and position for Starbucks is for customers to consider it as their place after home and work, this will guarantee customers visiting the shops several times. However it also customizes its positioning for each store individually according to the specific location it is in. Another important part of Starbucks positioning over competition is that they are environmentally friendly. Starbucks does not generally offer promotional prices on its products. It has a reputation for having pricey drinks; furthermore, Starbucks brand is too expensive. The company mainly depends on the brand for their high revenues, which could be risky from competition. However it seems to be the market leader when it comes to new products and ideas. Starbucks has found more success advertising on a local level rather than to the nation as a whole. The Company advertises a lot through print mediums, as Starbucks target market tends to be educated people who do more reading than the average person. In 2005, Starbucks spent $87.7 million on advertising, or 1.4% of revenues. Starbucks also market itself as environmentally friendly and focus on its corporate social responsibility, one example is buying Ethos-Water Company and they also plan to donate $ 10 million to help countries under developed lacking clean water. RD The RD role in Starbucks is to make a RD mix and mainly consists of the following activities: Ä ±Coffee Science Ä ±New Technology Ä ±Equipment Technology Ä ±Product Development Ä ±Menu Development Ä ±Coffee Quality Assurance Ä ±Sensory Science The introduction of the Starbucks Card for example, Starbucks has created the opportunity to improve customer service, shorten lines and make a customers visit at Starbucks quicker and more convenien. Starbucks is continuously searching for ways to better a customers experience. The company spent 7.2 Million in 2008 for new technologies related to food and equipment. Operations and logistics The main operation for Starbucks divided into local operation in USA and international operation. Starbucks depended mainly on their employees to manage operation, thats why they focused on training employees as they are the main asset in the company. They are managing all stores in USA, however, they are in the international operation sometimes manage their store, or give licenses, or get into joint ventures with existing companies. But they focus on their operation on the quality of their coffee Starbucks deals with international small suppliers. Starbucks made good deals with their suppliers to supply coffee with fixed prices rather than using the Fair Trade Coffee. They mainly use non-smoking restrictions in their stores, however in some countries because of culture conflicts they had to have either smoking rooms or smoke areas in the air. One of the main advantages Starbucks has is the accumulative experience of their employees in operation, this is due to the low turn over they have and their focus on employee satisfaction. Human Resources Starbucks paid considerable attention to the kind of people it recruited. So the company hired people for qualities like adaptability, dependability and the ability to work in a team. Starbucks was one of the few retail companies to

Correlation Between Tempest and the New World :: essays papers

Correlation Between Tempest and the New World Of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford, The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles by John Smith, and The Tempest by William Shakespeare, seem to have one thing in common in that they all touch upon the aspect of life in the new world. While The Tempest alludes to the new world and focuses on an imaginary concept of a Utopian society, The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles and Of Plymouth Plantation offer first hand accounts of life in the new world. John Smith tells us about life on the new land and his experiences with natives while William Bradford emphasizes the difficulties and hardships that the people had to endure in building a colony. The General History of Virginia, New England, and the Summer Isles by John Smith, portrays the enormous troubles the settlers were faced with by the Native Americans. He explains how he was captured by Indians and also saved by a young Native American girl, Pocahontas. He vividly describes the ceremonies and rituals of the Natives performed before his execution. However, the execution never occurred due to the tremendous mercy showed by the king’s daughter who blanketed John Smith’s body her own. Pocahontas went on to persuade the Native Americans to help the settlers by giving them food and other necessities. Despite her efforts to reach peaceful grounds, her people were still bitter and planned an attacks on the colony. Nevertheless, Pocahontas saved them once again by warning the settlers of attacks. Pocahontas went on to marry an Englishman and traveled to England. She resembled the prosperity and good that was to be found in an untamed land. Of Plymouth Plantation by William Bradford gives us an insight into the endurance of the early settlers and the kind of pain they went through in order build the foundation of our great nation. They embarked on the new world and developed a colony from the ground up. However, there troubles started long before they even stepped foot on the land. With a strong hold on their religious beliefs, they continued their voyage to the new world even though there were questions about the safety of the vessel. They managed to work hard on the ship and make it to the new world, tired and hungry, only to learn that there was no rest to be found, but even more work.

Reflective Account Essay

This seemed to keep his mind off worrying about were his wife or daughter was and stopped him from wanting to walk about the ward. After a while the patient asked if he could lie down for a while, and I explained that this was ok. I lowered the bed for the patient as low as it would go, to prevent the patient from falling or injuring himself while climbing into the bed. By doing this I was following the guidelines set out by the health and safety at work act 1972 and carrying out risk assessments to prevent harm to myself or others. Once the patient had got into the bed safely I put the bed side up to prevent him from falling out while he was sleeping, I then gave him his buzzer. Before leaving the room I asked the patient if he would like the room door left open or closed over, by doing this I was promoting the patients right to choice and individuality. I then left the room and closed the door as the patient had requested, and told the staff nurse in charge of him, that he was now sleeping, and that I had emptied his catheter bag and updated the fluid balance chart. I had to tell the staff nurse that I had left the room, so that if anything happened they knew that I was not there, as I would be accountable for it. Being accountable for my actions is one of the NMC code of conduct and is in line with professional accountability. I think that this task was very fulfilling as I was able to help other staff around me, as well as keep a patient calm. I enjoyed talking to the patient and found it very interesting. It also allowed me to practice keeping patient’s charts up to date. References

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning

Reflexive Spanish Verbs That Change Meaning Often, the difference in meaning between a simple verb and its corresponding reflexive verb (formed in the infinitive form by adding the suffix  -se) is slight, even nonexistent. For example, the verb desayunar typically means to eat breakfast, while desayunarse has little, if any, discernible difference in meaning. Sometimes, however, the difference in meaning is substantial - enough so that it is listed separately in the dictionary, and sometimes so that its meaning isnt readily predictable if you know the meaning of the root verb. Following are among the verbs with significantly different meanings in the reflexive form. This list is far from complete, and only the most common English translations are included here. Note also that usage of these verbs can vary with region, and that some speakers may use some verbs in the reflexive form as a way to change emphasis rather than to make a clear change in meaning: acusar (to accuse), acusarse (to confess or admit): Acusaron a Mà ³nica de arreglar los resultados. (They accused Monica of cleaning up the results.)  Me acuso de ser drogadicto.  (I admit to being a drug addict. aparecer (to appear), aparecerse (to appear, often said of a supernatural event): El hombre ms buscado aparecià ³ en la fotografà ­a. (The most-wanted man appeared in the photograph.)  Muchos creen que se aparecià ³ la virgen Marà ­a en Mà ©xico.  (Many believe the Virgin Mary appeared in Mexico.) cambiar (to change), cambiarse (to switch to a different item, such as changing clothes or moving to a different house): Hay tres libros que cambiaron mi vida. (There are three books that changed my life.)  Nos cambiamos de compaà ±Ãƒ ­a telefà ³nica.  (Were switching to a different telephone company.) desenvolver (to unwrap), desenvolverse (to cope or manage):  Ya desenvolvà ­ tu regalo. (Ive already unwrapped your gift.) Mi madre se desenvuelve bien con los turistas. (My mother copes well with the tourists.) dormir (to sleep), dormirse (to fall asleep): Dormà ­a en el interior de un auto de un amigo. (He would sleep in a friends car.)  Se durmià ³ una noche escuchando la radio.  (He fell asleep one night listening to the radio.) gastar (to spend), gastarse (to wear out, to use up): Gastà ³ todo el dinero en sus tarjetas de dà ©bito. (He spent all the money on his debit cards.)   Las suelas de los zapatos se gastaron. (The soles of the shoes wore out.) ir (to go), irse (to go away): Fue a la crcel por lavar dà ³lares. (He went to jail for laundering dollars.)  Mi nià ±a se fue a la mar a contar olas.  (My girl went away to the sea to count the waves.) llevar (to carry), llevarse (to take):  ¿Quà © llevaba la doctor Blanco en la bolsa? (What is Dr. Blanco carrying in her purse?)  El ladrà ³n se llevà ³ dos obras de Picasso. (The thief took two works of Picasso.) ocurrir (to occur or happen), ocurrirse (to have a sudden idea): Nos ocurre exactamente lo mismo que explica Sandra.  (The same thing happens to us that Sandra talks about.)  Una idea se me ocurrià ³ mientras estudiaba biologà ­a.  (An idea occurred to me while I was studying biology.) parecer (to seem like), parecerse (to look physically like): La situacià ³n de Bolivia no es lo que parece. (The situation in Bolivia isnt what it seems like.)  El desierto de Arizona se parece mucho al de Zacatecas.  (The Arizona desert looks a lot like Zacatecas.) poner (to put), ponerse (to put on, such as clothing): Lo analizar y lo pondr en la categorà ­a correcta. (He will analyze it and put it in the correct category.)  No me pondrà © nunca una gorra de bà ©isbol.  (I will never put on a baseball cap.) salir (to leave), salirse (to leave unexpectedly or quickly, to leak): Ernesto salià ³ por los cayos al norte de Cuba. (Ernesto left by way of the keys to the north of Cuba.)  Un avià ³n con 62 ocupantes se salià ³ de la pista del aeropuerto.  (A plane with 62 on board unexpectedly left the runway.) saltar (to jump), saltarse (to jump over, to skip an event or avoid an obligation): Las focas, los delfines, y las ballenas saltan frecuentemente. (Seals, dolphins and whales often jump.)  Ms chinos se saltan la ley del hijo à ºnico.  (More Chinese are ignoring the one-child law.) volver (to return), volverse (to turn around, to make an unexpected return): Los secuestrados volvieron a casa.  (The hostages returned home.)  Las abejas asesinas de Sudamà ©rica se volvieron ms fuertes.  (The South American killer bees returned stronger.)

Richard Rodriguezs education

Richard Rodriguezs education Free Online Research Papers According to the writer James Baldwin, â€Å"the making of an American begins at the point where he himself rejects all other ties, any other history, and himself adopts the vesture of his adopted land.† This quotation means there are times when people should put aside any type of foreign cultural link in order to be recognized within their society. When people try to gather their native cultures with another one chaos will be formed and the achievement of having a prosperous society will not be probable most likely. Similarly, in Hunger of Memory, Richard Rodriguez mentions how crucial it was for him to give up his culture in order to be recognized within the American society. Rodriguez learns that English is his way of being heard; he states, â€Å"I came to believe what had been technically true since my birth: I was an American citizen.† Rodriguez’s discovery strongly leads him to believe he can speak for himself and be someone; yet his actions make him lose connection with his family due to his parents’ ignorance of the English language. Therefore, Rodriguez is unavoidably forced to leave his family and his culture behind; however, he is still able to obtain a high level o f education which gives him fundamental assimilation and individual involvement within society. Rodriguez is obligated to untie his relationships with his family. About his first day of school Rodriguez says, â€Å"I remember to start with that day in Sacramentowhen I first entered a classroom, able to understand some fifty stray English words.† As a kid, Rodriguez knowledge of the English language makes him to be around an uncomfortable environment at school. Not being able to respond and talk at school mortifies Rodriguez. He feels disadvantaged since his poor social skills at the time were not letting him have a good education. While he tries to become more open towards society trough his education, he encounters himself distant from his family. Also, as Rodriguez feels inept answering questions in English during class and fearing any talk that can go beyond a few basic words, a couple of nuns from his school ask his parents to speak English around the house. So, in that way, Rodriguez would attach to his school. Once Rodriguez is forced to speak English at home, he suffers a huge change in his personality, changing him for the better. Now, he is a participant at school. He raises his hand in the classroom and loudly expresses himself in English. English becomes Rodriguez’ primary language while his native language, the language of his parents, Spanish, is almost forgotten. At the same time, Rodriguez notices that this family is no longer close to him, realizing he was not an immigrant. Consequently, he grows embarrassed as his parents and his relatives know that forgetting â€Å"his own language.† Rodriguez’s relatives feel he does not belong, due to his lack of Spanish, in their culture. They even call him â€Å"Pocho†, a word used to define Mexican-Americans who, in becoming an American, forgets his native society. This in general forces Rodriguez to part ways with his culture and family. Education does not bring separation between Rodriguez and his family, but it also allows him assimilate into the American society. He credits learning English and his schooling with helping him develop his sociability. The success of Rodriguez in school is due to his enormous effort he puts on his studies and his constant habit of reading and writing. Rodriguez believes that a primary reason for his success in the classroom is that he can’t forget that schooling is changing him because he is becoming a member of society. Moreover, Rodriguez feels integrated in society as his educational level rises. It is then when Rodriguez takes his first steps toward achieving a public identity. He knows with a public identity he will be able to have a personality that is going to represent him among people. Having a public identity will allow him to become more sociable as well. Rodriguez’ youth seems awkward mainly because of the tension between his private family life and his public life outside his house until he acknowledges he is a member of society thanks to his schooling. Due to his educational efforts, Rodriguez gains involvement within society. The efforts lead him to attend great universities such as Stanford, Columbia, and Berkeley. As a scholar student, Rodriguez perceives the world differently. Socialization is not a problem any longer since he feels his education permits him to have not only a personality but a right to be involved in social topics as well. Also, it is via his involvement and his social skills that Rodriguez understands issues regarding his character. His involvement within society lets him to have a voice that can be heard among people. That voice permits to speak with authority in society. When affirmative action takes action, benefiting Rodriguez, he is not able understand why he is being treated as a minority. He says that he cannot identify himself with the term â€Å"minority student† since he acknowledges in his early age that he forms part of the American society. In Hunger of Memory, education plays a fundamental role in Rodriguez’s life. Rodriguez’ education parts him away from his family, culture, and any other immigrant background. He feels speaking two different languages at different settings alters his schooling, but, on the other hand, he desires to have an education abundantly because that achievement integrates and involves him within society. By having education, Rodriguez experiences socialization and the achievement of his desired goals. Rodriguez educational efforts allow him to attend schools which permit him to gain incredible knowledge of social skills. He understands that those social skills make him part of the American society. Such assimilation into American culture is what he valuably needs so that in the end he can become an educated public man with a strong voice among people. 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Astronomy5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Astronomy5 - Essay Example It is proved that there is the existence of a planet that resembles Jupiter which has got large mass with asteroids that surround the planet. For the stability of the earth there are tectonics of plates which prove that life is not such easier for the survivor. There is a seed that supports the earth which is produced by the mars like small planet. This also ensures that there is life by providing a good temperature and pressure. The galaxy is also a support in that it has got heavy elements that are elliptical to the system. 3. Human beings and nature have one thing in common since the human beings destroy the environment in which most of the people believe so. Although most of the people do not understand the reason why the environment is destroyed. There are reasons why people destroy the environment where they have an understanding towards the nature of the environment giving out the right reasons. The main reason for the destruction is the using of the resources. The resources are used in different forms just like the trees being used for making papers. In the process the resources are made to be scarce becoming rare species. More of people’s voice tends to protect the environment and stop the people from destroying the natural resources. Human beings are not easy to be related to the environment and understanding the phenomena is not an easy thing. Human beings this days have interest on protecting the environment more so the natural

Worst job you ever had Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Worst job you ever had - Essay Example The place was deceptive in its exterior and reeked of dishonest intentions, both that of owners and workers. The place was tastefully furnished but was conspicuous in its lack of modern technology. The most interesting and perhaps the ridiculous was the owner’s perception towards the uniform of its workers. He believed that they should wear clothes of 1960s so as to provide the restaurant with a unique identity. I was employed as a waiter and my primary work was to serve the customer. The good pay was the major attraction and I was congratulating myself in landing the job. But I soon realized that the work was not merely of a waiter but I was expected also expected to fill in for any employee who was absent, be it the cleaner or washer-man. Since I had already resigned from my previous job, I was in no position to refuse it at that stage as I needed the money for my rent and food. It was most humiliating for me when I had to juggle between serving the customers and washing dir ty dishes at the back.

Social psych Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Social psych - Essay Example In this study, the participants were presented with stimuli such as exposure to positive Black situations and negative White situations. The participants’ perceptions were then assessed before the stimuli and a day after the presentation. The results of the experiment that participants who were subjected to â€Å"positive Black and negative white† situations had lesser level of prejudice but their â€Å"explicit racial prejudice† remained the same. President Obama can be regarded as positive African American example, and his electoral win could effect change on attitudes toward African Americans. This is the presumption and has to be proven through a review of the literature and of past experiments by researchers. But the literature cited in Bernstein et al (2010) also cited that stereotypes and prejudices do not succumb to change so easily (Fiske & Neuberg, 1990 cited in Bernstein et al, 2010), which could lead to the conclusion that Obama’s electoral vic tory may not change people’s perception after all. Or, there could be varied perceptions and attitude change as a result of the election. But the authors also cited that there could be positive attitude change with Obama’s electoral victory. 3. General methodology Bernstein and associates (2010) conducted a research study on 40 undergraduates of psychology, performed on two sessions to represent the pre-election and post-election periods. It was therefore divided into Time 1 and Time 2, to design two attitudes for explicit and implicit. The first period was completed during the seven days before election. The participants were made to complete a test known as â€Å"Attitudes Towards Black† (Brigham, 1993 cited in Bernstein et al, 2010). The scale was marked on 1-7, and statements were addressed on perceptions of prejudice or equality towards Black people. Example: â€Å"Black and white people are created equal.† Following this, participants were also made to complete the â€Å"Implicit Association Task†, which is about evaluations on social categories. The participants were also evaluated using the â€Å"Implicit Racial Bias† test. 4. Basic results The results were analysed by determining the implicit prejudice, which was done by subtracting â€Å"the average response latency on compatible trials from the incompatible trials† (Bernstein et al. 2010). The IAT result stated that if there was a big different in the score, called the IAT effect, the participants had greater bias towards Whites as against Blacks. This was compared with the results after the election in which a t-test sample was obtained on the IAT result. It was found that the IAT effect was smaller after the election; meaning the IAT effect was reduced after Obama’s electoral victory. The stats revealed that the mean and standard deviation are M = 330.35, SD = 219.93, after the election, compared to M = 494.70, SD = 307.95, before the electio n. 5. Major conclusions One of the striking results of the study by Bernstein et al (2010) is that implicit associations changed while the explicit prejudice changed, after the election in which Obama had a commanding victory. President Obama’s victory changed the perceptions of the general population towards African Americans. President Obama’

Resistors in series and parallel Essay Example for Free

Resistors in series and parallel Essay Resistors are used in various real life applications to perform tasks that involve: limiting the current that goes through a section of a circuit, introducing a voltage drop in a circuit, generating heat and the protection of components of a circuit. It is important to calculate the resistance of resistors so that the electrical circuits produced using them will perform in the manner that their manufacturer wanted them to. If the wrong resistance/resistor is used then delicate components that need only a relatively small amount of current may be destroyed. All resistors have a level of tolerance. This is to allow for imperfections in the manufactured object. It was determined through experimentation that all of the resistors that were used in this experiment were within their tolerance range with the exception of R4 (See Table 1). This resistor had a nominal value of 1600 ohms and a tolerance of +/-5%. This means that this resistor should have had a value within the range of 1520-1680 ohms, however  the actual resistance was found to be 1798 ohms. It is possible that this may have been due to a manufacturing fault or a labelling error. The total predicted resistance was determined by using the series and parallel resistor laws and the resistance values of the various components of the circuit. The tolerance range for the circuit was predicted to be between 1847.3-2319.2 ohms. Through experimentation the actual total resistance for the circuit was 2216.62 ohms, this value was within the predicted range. The actual resistance value of component 1 was 263.26 ohms; this was within the predicted range (271.36-245.51 ohms). The actual resistance value of component 2 was 1764.26 ohms; this was within the predicted range (1664.24-1846.36 ohms). The actual resistance value of component 3 was 2216.62 ohms; this was within the predicted range (2319.20 and 1847.3 ohms). The actual resistance of the resistors was found by using a multimeter. Some systematic error may have occurred in this experiment if the multimeter was not calibrated correctly during testing. Temperature fluctuations may have caused inconsistencies in this experiment. The reason why resistance occurs is that a metal consists of lattice of atoms that each has a shell of electrons. The metal is a conductor because the electrons are free to dissociate from their parent atoms and travel through the lattice. When a voltage is applied the electrons drift from one side of the metal to the other. In real material imperfections scatter the electrons resulting in resistance. Temperature is able to affect resistance because temperature causes the atoms to vibrate more strongly creating even more collisions and further increasing the resistance. Conclusion: The aim of the experiment was to compare the predicted and actual resistance in the circuit of resistor combinations in series and parallel. The results of this experiment found that the series and parallel resistor laws were reasonably good indicators of the real world values of resistance for circuits that contained resistors in series and parallel. One example of this was that the total resistance of the circuit made was found to be 2216.62 ohms which was within the predicted range (this predicted range was calculated by using the upper and lower tolerance values for the resistors used in the circuit. From the data obtained it can therefore be seen that all three resistor laws stated in the Background section of this report are quite useful in calculating theoretical values for the resistance of circuits in series and parallel that are close to the real world values. Bibliography: resistor. Wikipedia. Wikipedia, 2005. Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1 24 Jul. 2005. resistor. WordNet 1.7.1. Princeton University, 2001. Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1 24 Jul. 2005. resistor. Electronics. Twysted Pair, 2001. Available: http://www.answers.com/topic/resistor-1. 24 Jul. 2005. Storen, A and Martine, R. (2000) Nelson Physics VCE Units 3 and 4. Nelson Publishing: Sydney. (pp 221-226)